Note: This lists the weaknesses the Pokémon gain upon evolving into the listed stages. Some of these Pokémon lose weaknesses but gain others.
Charizard - Electric
Butterfree - Electric, Ice
Alolan Raichu - Bug, Ghost, Dark
Nidoqueen - Water, Ice
Nidoking - Water, Ice
Alolan Ninetales - Poison
Poliwrath - Flying, Psychic, Fairy
Galarian Rapidash - Poison, Steel
Galarian Slowbro - Ground
Dewgong - Rock, Fighting
Cloyster - Rock, Fighting
Alolan Exeggutor - Dragon, Fairy
Alolan Marowak - Ground, Rock, Ghost, Dark
Galarian Weezing - Steel
Starmie - Bug, Ghost, Dark
Galarian Mr. Mime - Fire, Bug, Rock, Dark
Gyarados - Rock
Vaporeon - Electric, Grass
Jolteon - Ground
Flareon - Water, Ground, Rock
Dragonite - Rock
Togetic - Electric, Ice, Rock
Bellossom - Poison, Bug
Marill - Electric, Grass
Steelix - Fire
Espeon - Bug, Ghost, Dark
Umbreon - Bug, Fairy
Galarian Slowking - Ground
Magcargo - Fighting
Kingdra - Dragon, Fairy
Tyranitar - Bug, Fairy
Combusken - Flying, Psychic
Beautifly - Electric, Ice
Dustox - Psychic
Nuzleaf - Fighting, Fairy
Masquerain - Fire, Ice
Breloom - Psychic, Fairy
Ninjask - Electric, Ice
Shedinja - Ghost, Dark
Vibrava - Dragon, Fairy
Cacturne - Fighting, Fairy
Altaria - Dragon, Fairy
Crawdaunt - Fighting, Bug, Fairy
Dragonite - Rock
Monferno - Flying, Psychic
Empoleon - Fighting, Ground
Bibarel - Electric, Grass
Mothim - Electric, Ice
Wormadam (Plant Cloak) - Ice, Poison, Bug
Wormadam (Sandy Cloak) - Water, Ice
Lucario - Fire, Fighting, Ground
Drapion - Ground
Leafeon - Fire, Ice, Poison, Flying, Bug
Glaceon - Fire, Rock, Steel
Gallade - Flying, Fairy
Froslass - Ghost, Dark
Pignite - Flying, Psychic
Excadrill - Fire, Fighting, Ground
Chesnaught - Psychic, Fairy
Delphox - Ghost, Dark
Greninja - Fighting, Bug, Fairy
Diggersby - Water, Grass, Ice
Fletchinder - Water, Electric
Vivillon - Electric, Ice
Pangoro - Fighting
Dragalge - Ice, Dragon
Sylveon - Poison, Steel
Decidueye - Ghost, Dark
Incineroar - Fighting
Primarina - Poison
Crabominable - Fire, Fighting, Steel
Hakamo-o - Flying, Psychic
Solgaleo - Fire, Ground
Naganadel - Ice, Dragon
Corviknight - Fire
Dottler - Bug, Ghost, Dark
Drednaw - Fighting, Ground
Carkol - Rock
Hatterene - Poison, Steel
Urshifu (Single Strike Style) - Fighting
Urshifu (Rapid Strike Style) - Electric, Grass
Galarian Slowking - Ground
Wyrdeer - Dark, Bug
Kleavor (Rock replaces Flying) - Steel, Water
Ursaluna (Ground) - Water, Grass, Ice
Basculegion (Ghost) - Dark, Ghost
Meowscarada (Dark) - Fairy, Fighting
Skeledirge (Ghost) - Dark, Ghost
Quaquaval (Fighting) - Flying, Fairy, Psychic
Lokix (Dark) - Fighting, Fairy, Bug
Pawmo (Fighting) - Flying, Fairy, Psychic
Armarouge (Psychic) - Ghost, Dark
Ceruledge (Ghost) - Dark, Ghost
Scovillain (Fire) - Rock
Rabsca (Psychic) - Bug, Dark, Ghost
Annihilape (Ghost) - Ghost
Gholdengo (Steel) - Fire, Ground
Source: I looked through this list and checked the Pokédex pages for the Pokémon listed.
