Moves that can call other moves are status moves, meaning the user can receive STAB on the move they call. For example, Nature Power turns into different damaging moves depending on the terrain. If Ludicolo uses Nature Power in Grassy Terrain, it will turn into a Grass move and receive STAB.
These status moves are unconventional, however. More traditional status moves like String Shot and Growl don't receive STAB.
You can argue these don't fit the bill because it's the called move that receives STAB. If you believe this, the other answers are correct, but I think these moves are worth mentioning.