In SwSh and BDSP, if the player hasn't obtained the 8th Gym Badge and the wild Pokemon's level is higher than the player's, the catch rate equation is multiplied by 410/4096 (~0.1). This no longer occurs after the player has all Gym Badges. Something similar occurs in Scarlet and Violet, but I'm not articulate enough to explain what's going on. It operates on similar penalties as SwSh/BDSP, but the full description can be found on Bulbapedia.
Additionally, the Level Ball and Nest Ball are the only two Poke Balls that factor level into a Pokemon's chance of being caught.