Unfortunately the only way to get wild Barboach is by fishing.
However, Barboach encounter rates can be as high as 40% (compared to Magikarp's 50%), meaning it is not rare and you should be able to find one easily.
You can also obtain Barboach from breeding another Barboach or a Whiscash, or trading.
Note that if you are looking to evolve your Barboach into Whiscash, you can find Whiscash through SOS encounters from Barboach, skipping the needed level up(s) for it to evolve.