Updated to Gen 8:
Red/Blue/Yellow/Green: None.
Gold/Silver/Crystal: 4:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m (Morning), 10:00 a.m. - 5:59 p.m (Day), 6:00 p.m. - 3:59 a.m. (Night).
Ruby/Sapphire/Emerald: None, however day evolutions were available from 12:00 p.m. - 11:59 p.m, and night evolutions from 12:00 a.m. - 11:59 a.m
FireRed/LeafGreen: None.
Diamond/Pearl/HGSS: 4:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m. (Morning), 10:00 a.m. - 7:59 p.m. (Day), 8:00 p.m. - 3:59 a.m. (Night)
Black/White/2: View end of page for chart
X/Y: 4:00 a.m. - 10:59 a.m (Morning), 11:00 a.m. - 5:59 p.m. (Day), 6:00 p.m. - 8:59 p.m (Evening), 9:00 p.m. - 3:59 a.m (Night)
Sun/UltraSun: 6:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m (Morning), 6:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m (Day), 6:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m (Evening), 6:00 p.m. - 5:59 a.m (Night).
Moon/UltraMoon: Runs offset 12 hours from Sun/UltraSun, but same mechanic.
Let's Go Eevee/Pikachu: None
Sword/Shield: 6:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m (Morning) 10:00 a.m. - 6:59 p.m (Day), 7:00 p.m. - 7:59 p.m (Evening), 8:00 p.m. - 5:59 a.m (Night).
In Pokémon Sword and Shield, time is set to specific times of day during the main story as a narrative device. This affects all areas of Galar outside of the Wild Area, and even influences evolution. After the player becomes Champion, time is no longer pre-set outside the Wild Area, and functions solely based on the system time, even during post-game story scenes like the arc involving Sordward and Shielbert.
Gen 5 Season to time table
Morning
Spring 5:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m.
Summer 4:00 a.m. - 8:59 a.m.
Winter 7:00 a.m. - 10:59 a.m
Fall 6:00 a.m. - 9:59 a.m.
Day
Spring 10:00 a.m. - 4:59 p.m
Summer 9:00 a.m. - 6:59 p.m.
Winter 11:00 a.m. - 4:59 p.m
Fall 10:00 a.m. - 5:59 p.m
Evening
Spring 5:00 p.m. - 7:59 p.m.
Summer 7:00 p.m. - 8:59 p.m
Winter 5:00 p.m. - 6:59 p.m
Fall 6:00 p.m. - 7:59 p.m
Night
Spring 8:00 p.m. - 4:59 a.m
Summer 9:00 p.m. - 3:59 a.m.
Winter 7:00 p.m. - 6:59 a.m
Fall 8:00 p.m. - 5:59 a.m